The Chemistry and Phytotoxicity of Arsenic in Soils: I. Contaminated Field Soils

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Abstract
Arsenic (As) residues on 58 surface soil samples taken from soils with a history of As application averaged 165 ppm As, while nearby soils not treated averaged 13 ppm As. Most of the residual As was found as Fe‐As (0.1N NaOH extractable) by a modified soil P procedure. Water‐soluble As (1N NH4Cl extractable) was detected in soils from two states. Other forms, Al‐ and Ca‐As (0.5N NH4F and 0.5N H2SO4 extractable As, respectively), may predominate if the amount of “reactive” Al or Ca is high and reactive Fe is low. Bioassay of the contaminated and uncontaminated soils showed a correlation of 0.74 between growth reduction and total As and 0.82 with a summation of As fractions. Plants were tolerant to large As applications (670 ppm As) to soils which were high in reactive (1N NaOH extractable) Al.

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