Acoustic Cavitation in Helium, Nitrogen, and Water at 10 kHz

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Abstract
Observations of acoustic cavitation have been in helium I and II using an extensional-mode vibrator capable of very high intensities at 10 kHz. Remote monitoring of the drive oscillatory velocity was achieved. In helium I clouds of small vapor bubbles were visible, as well as larger bubbles near the expected radial resonance size. For comparison, observations were also made using two other normal liquids—nitrogen and water—at temperatures near their boiling points. In helium II observation of acoustic streaming with emission of white noise suggested the presence of even smaller vapor bubbles. A strong subharmonic signal with low threshold excitation has not been fully explained.

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