Post traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of behavioural and cognitive behavioural interventions and treatments

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Abstract
This paper reviews several published reports of behavioural and cognitive behavioural treatments of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is shown that, despite slightly different mixes of ingredients, these show broad similarities in approach. Two main categories of treatment can broadly be distinguished: Anxiety Management Techniques (AMT) and Direct Therapeutic Exposure (DTE). The principles on which DTE is based may, it is argued, be understood in ways already outlined in Pavlovian Conditioning. A new model, the CEASE Model, is proposed which effectively describes the sequence in which these processes operate over the course of the development and subsequent treatment of PTSD. Many case reports and controlled studies are evaluated and it is shown that these indicate the success of treatment approaches that have as their basis the CEASE Model.