Chiari I Malformation Associated With Syringomyelia and Scoliosis

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Abstract
A retrospective review of a series of 12 children who underwent suboccipital foraminotomy and duroplasty for Chiari I malformation. To assess the effects of this surgery on associated syringomyelia and scoliosis. Suboccipital foraminotomy for the treatment of syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation was greatly stimulated by Gardner's hydrodynamic theory, and its results proved to be encouraging. However, several authors reported improvement or stabilization of associated scoliosis after this surgery. A retrospective review was conducted on 12 patients who underwent suboccipital foraminotomy for Chiari I malformation associated with syringomyelia. Neurologic impairment, extent of syringomyelia, and severity of associated spinal deformity were assessed preoperatively and at a 4.5-year average follow-up (range, 2.1-12 years). Anomaly of superficial abdominal reflexes was found in all cases, and para or tetraparesis in three cases. Syringomyelia was of variable localization and extent. Scoliosis was present in 7 cases (greater than 40° in 5 cases). Diminution or complete disappearance of syringomyelia was observed in 11 cases, 3 months to 1 year after surgery. Superficial abdominal reflexes anomaly improved in four cases. Minimal neurologic deficit persisted in one case. Scoliosis improved in one case, remained unchanged in one case, and progressed in the five cases with preoperative severe deformity, requiring instrumentation and fusion. Improvement of syringomyelia and neurologic deficit, observed with suboccipital foraminotomy, supports the theory that abnormal hydrodynamics of the cerebral spinal fluid is most likely to cause these deficits.