The Bala Country: its Structure and Rock-Succession

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Abstract
I. Introduction. The district dealt with in the present paper lies all round Bala Lake, though attention has been paid more particularly to the ground lying south-east and east of the lake, as affording an opportunity for the study of problems of special interest regarding the succession and structure of the area. The whole district has been classic ground since the days of Sedgwick, and its difficulties were vividly described later by Jukes; it is just these difficulties that make the area so intensely interesting, and, largely owing to the more detailed mapping that can be carried out in these days, it is now possible to suggest a solution of some, at any rate, of the problems—more particularly those of a stratigraphical and structural nature. The palæontological problems are somewhat different, and will not be dealt with in detail at present. Previous Work. By far the most important contributions made to our general knowledge of the district are those of Sedgwick, Jukes, and Ruddy, though Ramsay and, in later times, Lake have dealt with the question of the faulting as connected with the development of the valley in which the lake lies. Sedgwick made two important contributions to the study of the area. In the earlier paper on the ‘Calcareous Slates & Limestones of Glyn Dyffws on the Holy head Road, west of Corwen, & of Rhiwlas north-east of Bala,’ 1 he gave what he believed to be the succession in the area, and illustrated it by sections made as early

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