Harmonic overlap in electron-cyclotron current drive at high T e

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Abstract
The relativistic wave–particle resonance condition imposes a harmonic‐overlap constraint on electron‐cyclotron current drive. Specifically, for fundamental cyclotron resonance the current‐drive efficiency cannot be increased by raising the minimum resonant energy ε1 above about 115 keV. A limiting efficiency corresponding to an even lower ε1 follows for microwave beams with realistic width and angular divergence.