Erythroleukemia cell lines hel and K‐562: Changes in isoenzyme profiles and morphology during induction of differentiation

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Abstract
The effects of the phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) and of hemin on the human erythroleukemia cell lines HEL and K‐562 were studied using the parameters cellular morphology, cell proliferation, positivity in the nitro‐blue tetrazolium (NBT)‐reduction test, adherence to surface, development of pseudopodia, and isoenzyme profiles of carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide gels. TPA and hemin induced similar morphological changes in HEL and K‐562, erythrocyte‐like cells were seen to be the predominant population after exposure to hemin. Both TPA and hemin led to cessation of cell proliferation and to a dose‐dependent decrease in the number of viable nucleated cells. Whereas HEL cells treated with TPA became positive in the NBT‐reduction test, adhered to plastic surface and showed pseudopodia, HEL cells exposed to hemin and K‐562 cells cultured with TPA or hemin did not show these markers indicative of the macrophage‐cell lineage. TPA‐treated HEL cells exhibited isoenzyme patterns which were characteristically seen in cells of the monocyte‐macrophage complex. ‘Myeloid isoenzyme profiles’ were found in TPA‐treated K‐562 cells. As evidenced by the above described phenotypical changes, HEL cells appeared to differentiate along the macrophage and erythroid cell lineages. Induced K‐562 cells displayed myeloid and erythrocytic markers.