Differential Involvement of Gangliosides versus Phospholipids in the Process of Temperature Adaptation in Vertebrates: A Comparative Phenomenological and Physicochemical Study

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Abstract
The data presented support the idea that gangliosides are involved in thermal adaptation of neuronal membranes. Brain ganglioside patterns from cold-blooded vertebrate species living in different climates and from mammals during ontogenetical or seasonal changes in their body temperature were compared. The general rule "the lower the environmental temperature the more polar is the composition of brain gangliosides" as derived from these data was confirmed by the changes in ganglioside patterns evoked by experimentally induced cold acclimation of fish. To assess whether gangliosides are able to modulate the temperature-dependent properties of membranes, artificial mono- and bilayer membrane model systems were used. Incorporation of gangliosides in the model bilayer membranes evoked drastic changes in the dynamics of a peptide channel, suggesting that gangliosides are able to modulate basic membrane properties. In addition, data on thermosensitivity of ganglioside-calcium interactions and on surface behavior of gangliosides in monolayers are reviewed.