Acoustic observations of fish schools and scattering layers in a Kuroshio warm‐core ring and its environs

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Abstract
Biological sound scattering characteristics in a frontal region between warm and cold waters were examined at the southern edge of a Kuroshio warm‐core ring off Sanriku, the northeast coast of Japan. The scattering strength was low in the surrounding cold water and high in the warm‐core ring. The depth and thickness of sound‐scattering layers changed in accordance with the vertical structure of the water mass during the day or at night. Intense, thick scattering layers were observed on the warm‐water side of the front and farther inside the warm‐core ring. Fish schools were distributed in the mixed layer warmer than 17°C at depths of 10‐30m above the scattering layers on the warm‐water side of the front.

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