The DNA replication factor MCM5 is essential for Stat1-mediated transcriptional activation

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Abstract
The eukaryotic minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family of proteins (MCM2–MCM7) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. These proteins are essential for DNA replication. The signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins are critical for the signal transduction of a multitude of cytokines and growth factors leading to the regulation of gene expression. We previously identified a strong interaction between Stat1 and MCM5. However, the physiological significance of this interaction was not clear. We show here by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses that the MCM5 protein, as well as other members of the MCM family, is inducibly recruited to Stat1 target gene promoters in response to cytokine stimulation. Furthermore, the MCM proteins are shown to move along with the RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation. We have also identified an independent domain in MCM5 that mediates the interaction between Stat1 and MCM5; overexpression of this domain can disrupt the interaction between Stat1 and MCM5 and inhibit Stat1 transcriptional activity. Finally, we used the RNA interference technique to show that MCM5 is essential for transcription activation of Stat1 target genes. Together, these results demonstrate that, in addition to their roles in DNA replication, the MCM proteins are also necessary for transcription activation.