PSM-R: Revised optimism-pessimism scale for the MMPI-2 and MMPI
- 1 March 1995
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Vol. 51 (2) , 205-214
- https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199503)51:2<205::aid-jclp2270510210>3.0.co;2-2
Abstract
The Revised Optimism‐Pessimism (PSM‐R) scale was developed for use with either the MMPI‐2 or the MMPI. The scale measures explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic by using 263 MMPI items of the original 298–item Optimism‐Pessimism (PSM) scale. These 263 items are common to both the MMPI‐2 and MMPI. PSM‐R norms are based on a random sample of 1,408 normal adults who also were used for developing norms for the original PSM scale. Reliability estimates (.93 for men; 0.94 for women) indicate that the PSM‐R scale is as accurate as the original PSM scale.Keywords
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