Second-Order Closure Study of Open-Channel Flows

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Abstract
A complete second-order closure model of turbulence is used to predict the behavior of fully developed turbulent flows in open channels of both simple and compound cross sections. This level of closure entails the solution of seven differential transport equations for turbulence quantities and is found to reproduce fairly accurately the details of the turbulence-driven secondary motions that occur in the cross-stream planes. In particular, the number, location, and strength of the secondary-flow cells are well predicted, as is their effect on the bulk properties of the mean flow. Data from simple rectangular channels are used to check the model's sensitivity to the effects of a free surface, and data from compound channels, both symmetric and asymmetric, serve to validate the model for a range of parameters typical of those encountered in practice.