Exchangeable Cation and Solvent Effects Upon the Interlamellar Environment of Smectites: Esr Spin Probe Studies

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Abstract
The ESR spin probe, TEMPAMINE+, was used to study the interlamellar behavior of adsorbed organic cations on hectorites solvated with water, ethanol, and water-ethanol mixtures, and saturated with several monovalent and divalent metallic cations. The mobility and orientation of the probe was affected greatly by the solvent, and to a lesser extent by the predominant exchangeable cation on the silicate surface. Most of the effects could be interpreted in terms of the basal spacings of the hectorite. In all instances, the adsorbed probe was much less mobile than in solution despite the different interlamellar volumes available for molecular motion.