Secondary Emission of Electrons from Liquid Metal Surfaces

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Abstract
The secondary emission ratio as a function of primary energy is determined for targets of bismuth, gallium, lead, and mercury for the metals in both the liquid and solid state. The secondary emission characteristics for liquid surfaces are shown to be very nearly like those for solid surfaces, and in general the shape of the secondary efficiency curves for these materials are similar to those for other pure metals. A comparison of the observed maximum secondary ratios with predicted values is made.

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