Relaxation of toroidal plasmas

Abstract
Equilibria with minimum energy are constructed from a variational principle in which the potential energy of a plasma is minimized, subject to a small set of global invariants. These invariants are preserved exactly, by ideal motions of the plasma, and approximately, by a tearing mode of the m=1, n=1 type. Estimates of decay rates for the energy and the invariants are given. A tokamak window with low q and zero current on the boundary is found and shown to be ideally and resistively stable. The reversed-field pinch (RFP) window and the transition region between the two windows is found to be unstable to high-n modes.

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