Sampling Plans for Mule Deer Sex and Age Ratios

Abstract
Validity of models for sample observations from each of 2 sampling plans for estimating fawn:doe and buck:doe ratios of Rocky Mountain mule deer (O. hemionus hemionus) are examined. Standard-error formulas useful for bionomial random variables can give misleading results when applied to fawn:doe ratios. Standard-ratio estimators with route and quadrat sampling plans yielded nearly identical estimates of buck:doe and fawn:doe ratios. For equivalent levels of precision, route counts were more efficient.

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