Hydrogeological characteristics of artesian boreholes in the Chalk of Hampshire

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Abstract
Summary: The characteristics of over fifty shallow overflowing artesian boreholes in the Chalk at twelve watercress farms in Hampshire have been studied as part of the monitoring programme for a river augmentation scheme. The boreholes are mainly 150 and 200 mm in diameter and are relatively shallow, with 90 percent of them less than 40 m in depth. Artesian flows of all the boreholes in the period 1972–75 averaged 12 litres per second and in one case exceeded 40 litres per second. Flow and caliper logging show their flows are concentrated in discrete fissures, and a number of distinct fissure levels can be identified over a wide area. Analysis of piezometric heads and artesian flows show that ground-water flow is concenrated in a narrow width of aquifer of high permeability.

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