Effect of antioxidant supplementation on urine and blood markers of oxidative stress during extended moderate-altitude training

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Abstract
Methods Thirty US Marine Corps volunteers were divided into placebo (P) and antioxidant supplement (S) groups and tested for markers of oxidative stress before ( t 0 ) , at the midpoint of ( t 1 ), and after ( t 2 ) 14 days of winter training at a moderate altitude (∼2700 m). The antioxidant supplement consisted of a daily dose of 20 000 IU β-carotene, 400 IU vitamin E, 500 mg vitamin C, 100 μg selenium, and 30 mg zinc. The following markers of oxidative stress were measured: urine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), urine hydroxynonenal (HNE), urine 8-hydrodeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), plasma total peroxyl radical trapping potential (TRAP), and plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LPOs). Urine was collected on a 24-hr basis at t 0 , t 1 and t 2 ; blood samples were collected at t 0 and t 2 . Results P group LPOs increased 30% ( p < 0.05) between t 0 and t 2 , whereas S group LPOs did not increase. Both groups exhibited significant increases in urine TBARSs, HNE, and 8-OHdG by t 2 . Urine TBARSs, HNE, and 8-OHdG increased between t 0 and t 1 in both groups, with the greater increase in the S group. The conflicting results between the plasma and urine markers of oxidative stress may be due to a time-phase relationship. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that work in a moderate-altitude cold-weather environment is accompanied by increased oxidative stress, despite relatively high intakes of dietary and supplemental antioxidants. Key words vitamin E vitamin C β-carotene zinc selenium oxidative stress antioxidants thiobarbituric acid reactive substances lipid hydroperoxides 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine hydroxynonenai exercise altitude cold References 1. H. Alessio Exercise-induced oxidative stress Med Sci Sports Exerc 25 1993 218 224 2. M.M. Kanter Free radicals, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation Int J Sport Nutr 4 1994 205 220 3. P. Clarkson Antioxidants and physical performance Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 35 1995 131 141 4. N. Haramaki L. 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