Theory of airflow over mountains: IV‐separation of flow from the surface

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Abstract
Separation of flow may be two‐dimensional when the wake or eddy is closed, or three‐dimensional when the air is continuously replaced. It often occurs at a salient edge. When it occurs the effect of the mountain on the high‐level flow is reduced. If the airflow is temporarily induced to follow the ground in an airstream favourable to separation, very large vertical velocities may result. Eddies may be shed periodically from the lee slope of a ridge. Lee waves inhibit separation and so do katabatic winds and downdraughts in heavy rain. Convection makes it more likely over lee slopes but inhibits it at the top of windward slopes.

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