Complement and cytokine gene expression in cultured microglia derived from postmortem human brains

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Abstract
Microglia were successfully cultured from human brain tissue from normal and neurologically diseased cases obtained 3.5–10 hours postmortem. Final cell preparations were more than 99% pure as judged by latex bead phagocytosis, expression of microglial phenotypic markers, and absence of astrocytic markers. The expression of complement genes C1qB, C3, and C4 as well as genes for interleukin‐(IL‐)1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, and transforming growth factor β, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase, by these cells was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The pattern of gene expression was evaluated following stimulation of the cells with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate acetate, γ interferon, and β amyloid peptide. There was considerable variation in gene response to these activating agents. However, it was of interest that β‐amyloid peptide (1–40) increased the expression of IL‐1β mRNA in these cells. The number of cases in this study was too small to permit evaluation of microglial response according to the disease state, but the results demonstrate the potential for such studies in the future.