Generalized flux phases for thet-Jmodel: A variational Monte Carlo study

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Abstract
We calculate the energy of flux states described by Slater determinants of single-particle levels in a uniform magnetic field with p/q flux quanta per plaquette and with no double occupancy. We find the exchange energy of flux states is lower than that of the Gutzwiller wave function by 10%–20%. The minimum kinetic energy is obtained by introducing phases associated with the holes. The phases are calculated by mapping onto a classical frustrated XY model. At 10% doping, the 1/2 flux state (π phase) is stabilized for the parameter regime J/t≳0.2. At about 20% doping, the time-reversal-breaking (1/3 flux state has the lowest energy for J/t≳1.0.