Nuclear factor-κB: a transcription factor for all seasons

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Abstract
NF-kappaB, first discovered in 1986 in the nucleus of B cells as an immunoglobulin-kappa light chain enhancer, is today known as a transcription factor that is ubiquitously present in all cell types (not just B cells). It is conserved from drosophila to man, resides in the cytoplasm (not nucleus) in the resting state and binds to the promoter of > 400 different genes (not just immunoglobulin). Both NF-kappaB and TNF are essential components of the immune system, with their critical physiological role being in the immune defense.
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