Abstract
According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections in early life protect from atopy and asthma.1 Therefore, antibiotics have been hypothesized to cause increased risk of asthma by reducing the protective effect of infections or by interfering with normal gut flora.2 There are, however, several caveats in studying the association between antibiotic use and risk of asthma at the individual level, so the ecological study by Foliaki et al.3 is a welcome addition to the literature.

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