Alcohol and suicide and homicide.

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Abstract
The association between alcohol consumption and rates of suicide and homicide in the USA and in 24 other countries was determined. For the analysis of temporal associations, estimates of alcohol consumption and suicide rates from 1940-1972 were used: for the analysis of geographical associations, 1972 data were used. In the states of the USA, suicide, but not homicide, rates were significantly and positively correlated with consumption of distilled spirits, wine and beer; in the total USA over time, homicide, but not suicide, rates were significantly and positively correlated with consumption. There were no significant correlations of consumption and suicide and homicide rates in 24 other countries (including 15 western European countries). In the USA suicide rates varied significantly on an east west axis and homicide rates in a north south axis; controlling for the effects of latitude and longitude by partial correlation did not change the above associations between consumption and homicide and suicide. In the 15 western European countries suicide rates varied significantly with the per-capita gross national product; controlling for the effects of gross national product did not change the lack of association between consumption and suicide.

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