Flavonoid Chemistry of Diploid and Tetraploid Cytotypes of Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae)

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Abstract
Flavonoid constituents of diploid (2n = 14) and tetraploid (2n= 28) populations were analyzed throughout the range of Tolmiea menziesii. The species contains kaempferol and quercetin 3-O-mono-, di, and triglycosides, as well as myricetin and isorhamnetin 3-O-mono- and diglycosides. Minor variation in flavonoid constituents was observed among populations, but this was not correlated with ploidy. The qualitative identity in flavonoid constituents between the diploid and tetraploid cytotypes supports the contention that the tetraploid cytotype is of autopolyploid origin. Flavonoid data are therefore in agreement with evidence from gross morphology, karyology, floral anthocyanins, ribosomal genes, and enzyme electrophoresis, all of which support the hypothesis of autopolyploidy.