Temperature Modification of Female Sex Pheromone Release in Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Abstract
The circadian rhythm releases of sex pheromone by Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) females were found to shift forward ca. 35 min and ca. 15 min, respectively, during the fast scotophase per °C decrease in conditioning temperature. However, with continuous exposure to the conditioning temperature, after 62 h (third scotophase), the rhythms shifted to the original release times. T. ni females were found to have a lower minimal temperature for pheromone release than females of P. includens. Observations during the third scotophase (62 h of continuous test temperature exposure) revealed an increase in maximal calling rates of both species at the low temperatures.

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