Viability ofVenturia inaequalisin Chlorotic Flecks Resulting from Fungicide Application to InfectedMalusLeaves

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Abstract
Discrete, nonexpanding, and nonsporulating chlorotic flecks developed on apple leaves infected with V. inaequalis when treated with certain fungicides (benomyl, phenylmercuric acetate, dodine and fenarimol) at time periods beyond those that completely prevent scab symptom development but at times prior to which they would have no control. The viability of the subcuticular V. inaequalis hyphae in fleck areas was determined on a nutrient medium. At 100 h after inoculation, only fenarimol completely eradicated the pathogen. The effect of the fungicides on the pathogen at various periods after the treatments was studied ultrastructurally; it correlated with the isolation techniques. Subthreshold treatments caused localized necrotic reactions, whereas fully effective treatments caused complete necrosis of V. inaequalis hyphae. Initial responses of the fungal cell organelles included swollen mitochondria and cysternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope.

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