Does CS termination reinforce avoidance behavior?

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Abstract
Five studies of rats in a running wheel were designed to isolate 3 possible sources of reinforcement for avoidance behavior: termination of CS [conditional stimulus] was assessed by presenting CS briefly, for the full CS-US interval, or until termination by an avoidance response; avoidance of US [unconditional stimulus] was assessed by permitting or not permitting responding during CS-US interval to avoid the next US; escape from shock following failure of avoidance was manipulated by using short inescapable shocks or by requiring S [subject] to terminate shock. Avoidance of the US was the most important factor in acquisition; termination of the CS produced a small significant effect; US escape was not significant.

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