Preparation and characterization of macroporous chitosan–gelatin/β‐tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

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Abstract
A biodegradable composite scaffold was developed using β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) with chitosan (CS) and gelatin (Gel) in the form of a hybrid polymer network (HPN) via co‐crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Various types of scaffolds were prepared by freezing and lyophilizing. These scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The macroporous composite scaffolds exhibited different pore structures. Compressive properties were improved, especially compressive modulus from 3.9–10.9 MPa. Biocompatibility was evaluated subcutaneously on rabbits. A mild inflammatory response was observed over 12 weeks. The results suggest that the scaffolds can be utilized in nonloading bone regeneration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 844–855, 2003