Histological Changes in the Urinary Bladder Secondary to Urethral Catheterisation

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Abstract
The macroscopic and microscopic features of the urothelial response of the human urinary bladder to urethral catheterisation are described. The catheter reaction is characterised by a predominantly eosinophilic inflammatory response producing, macroscopically, a papillary mucosal appearance termed polypoid cystitis. The severity of the epithelial inflammatory response correlates significantly with the duration of catherisation. Urothelial dysplasia confined to the catheter reaction site was noted in 6% of cases. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.