Delayed and Space-Displaced Sensory Feedback and Learning

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Abstract
These experiments test a new interpretation of the S-R concept and its role in learning. It is assumed that the reinforcement factors in psychomotor learning do not determine behavior integration directly, but have their influence specifically determined by the spatio-temporal patterns of sensory feedback that link the motor and receptor systems. Scientific closed-circuit television systems, with appropriate electronic motion analysis instrumentation, were used to obtain learning functions with space displacement (inversion, reversal, and angular displacement) and delay of the visual feedback of different skilled behavior patterns. Results from the delayed-feedback studies showed that there are two basic temporal intervals involved in response organization and learning, a sensory-feedback interval of the S-R relationships and a reinforcement interval, and that the S-R interval is primary and relatively invariant in determining learning and performance. The experiments on space-displaced sensory feedback were all consistent with the main hypothesis in showing that the initial level, rate, and degree of learning in human motion varies directly with the dimensions and magnitudes of the geometric displacement of sensory feedback. The experiments suggest that the experimental analysis of the real space and time properties of the primary sensory-feedback interaction in performance and learning provides a significant extension of classical methods of investigation of stimulus-response relationships in behavior to the dynamic level.
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