ESR study of copper(II) retention by entire cell, cells walls, and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Abstract
Copper retention by whole cells, protoplasts, and isolated cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated in the absence of any energy source in the medium. The cell walls accounted only for a small fraction of the cation retention by whole cells. ESR results showed that copper was not bound only at the outer face of the plasma membrane, but it was also distributed in the plasma membrane and (or) in the cytoplasm. ESR studies also showed that, in all three systems, copper was chelated by peptides or proteins. The binding sites were formed by an amide and a strongly complexing ligand such as an amine. Their configuration depended upon pH: in slightly acidic conditions, copper was bound by the oxygen of the amide; at basic pH, NHCO became deprotonated and the negatively charged nitrogen bound to the metal.