Liquid?solid equilibrium in copper and silver alloyr; with an appendix on the equilibrium diagram of the system copper-arsenic

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Abstract
The liquidus and solidus curves for the α-solid solutions, of Cd, In, Sn, and Sb in Ag, and of Zn, Ga, Ge, and As, in Cu are discussed. In the Ag-series a given depression of the solidus is produced by atomic percentages of Cd, In, Sn, and Sb proportional to 1/22: 1/32: 1/43: 1/62, and in the Cu-series by amounts of Zn and Ga proportional to 1/32: 1/42. The increases in mean lattice spacing produced by a given atomic percentage of Cd, In, Sn, and Sb dissolved in Ag are as 2: 3: 4: 6, and by a given atomic percentage of Zn and Ga dissolved in Cu are as 3: 4. The solidus curves and lattice distortions thus involve the same whole number sequences, but this correspondence breaks down in the system Cu-As where the electrochemical factor is high, and the same effect to a lesser degree is apparent in the system Cu-Ge. In the systems Ag-Cd, Ag-In, Ag-Sn, Cu-Zn, Cu-Ga, and Cu-Ge the liquidue and solidus curves in dilute solutions are connected by a relation of the type x 1 = k √ x 5 where x 1 and x 3 are the atomic percentages of solute in the liquid and solid phases. In this class of alloy the liquidues and solidus curves depend primarily upon electron concentration, modified by lattice distortion, and diagrams are given showing these effects. Increasing electrochemical factor (e.g. Cu-As, Ag-Mg) produces an additional steeper fall in the liquidus and solidus. The equations of H. Jones are used to calculate the effects of solute elements on the latent heat of fusion of Ag and Cu, and the way in which these are affected by electron concentration and lattice distortion is discussed.

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