4d–4f emission resonances in laser-produced plasmas

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Abstract
Using targets containing compounds of the elements cesium through lutetium, we studied the spectra of laser-produced plasmas in the grazing-incidence region from 40 to 200 Å. The spectra are characterized by strong regions of resonancelike emission extending typically over 9–18 eV. With increasing Z, the spectra show certain systematic variations in character and move monotonically toward shorter wavelengths. From a collisional-radiative plasma model, the ion stages responsible for the emission are identified as viii through xvi. The resonances are attributed to 4d–4f transitions that, because Δn = 0, tend to overlap for different ion stages of the same element.