Codon-anticodon interaction at the ribosomal P (peptidyl-tRNA) site

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Abstract
A method for binding tRNA to ribosomes, introduced by Watanabe, permits nonenzymatic binding of N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe to the ribosomal aminoacyl-tRNA (A) or peptidyl-tRNA (P) site with almost 100% specificity. This method was used to analyze a possible codon-anticodon interaction at the P site for NH2-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA and deacylated tRNA. N-Acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe bound only to the P site of poly(U)-programmed 70S ribosomes [Escherichia coli], not to poly(A)-programmed ribosomes. The reverse mRNA dependence was found for N-acetyl-Lys-tRNALys. A series of purified deacylated tRNA was analyzed in the poly(U) and poly(A) system for abilities to block P-site binding of N-acetyl-aminoacyl-tRNA and to direct the N-acetyl-aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site. Only the cognate tRNA was as effective as the bulk tRNA at a concentration of less than 1/20th that of bulk tRNA. tRNA whose corresponding codons are identical or similar (same base character) in the first 2 codon positions showed a low but significant effect. The other noncognate tRNA were unable to direct the NH2-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site. Chlortetracycline interfered neither with the P-site binding of NH2-blocked aminoacyl-tRNA nor with the effects of deacylated tRNA. The translocation blocker viomycin affected neither the binding to the A site nor that to the P site. These effects of both antibiotics indicate that both kinds of tRNA do not bind transiently in the A site before filling the P site and that codon-anticodon interaction takes place at the P site.