Sex of subject and sex composition of the group as determinants of reward allocations.

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Abstract
Conducted 2 studies with 322 undergraduates in which the sex composition of the group was systematically varied. In Study 1, sex of the low-input group member determined allocation norm choice. In Study 2, which differed from other research in the area in that triads had to arrive at an allocation decision through free, unrestricted communication, equality was the dominant choice in all conditions. To understand when and why sex differences occur and to integrate the present results with past research, the variables affecting sex differences in allocation behavior were explored. Results indicate that women and men differ in their interpersonal orientations, which generally leads them to differentially prefer equality and equity. However, situations differ in the extent to which equity or equality is appropriate, with sex composition of the group considered as a situational demand. It was found that sex differences will most likely occur when situational demands are weak or ambiguous and that members of each sex will attempt to change the situation to make it congruent with their interpersonal orientation. It is suggested that sex differences and support for equity have been exaggerated in past research by restricting research to same-sex groups in settings in which equity is congruent with the situational demands. (60 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

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