Abstract
This article examines some major censuses or surveys purporting to quantify the number and productive or social circumstances of the agrarian population in pre‐Revolutionary Cuba. Although, by comparison with the majority of countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, Cuba was well‐endowed with such statistics, it is shown that flaws in methodology, presentation, reproduction and interpretation ensure that they generally obscure as much as they reveal. Secondary sources are shown generally to compound confusions present in primary ones. While of some value as a cautionary tale for students of the ‘peasantry’ in general, the author views the article as an essentially negative exercise and is preparing a more positive reconstruction of data for publication at a later date.

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