De novo lipogenesis, lipid kinetics, and whole-body lipid balances in humans after acute alcohol consumption

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Abstract
Background: Acute alcohol intake is associated with changes in plasma lipid concentrations and whole-body lipid balances in humans. The quantitative roles of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and plasma acetate production in these changes have not been established, however. Objective: We used stable-isotope mass spectrometric methods with indirect calorimetry to establish the metabolic basis of changes in whole-body lipid balances in healthy men after consumption of 24 g alcohol. Design: Eight healthy subjects were studied and DNL (by mass-isotopomer distribution analysis), lipolysis (by dilution of [1,2,3,4-13C4]palmitate and [2H5]glycerol), conversion of alcohol to plasma acetate (by incorporation from [1-13C1]ethanol), and plasma acetate flux (by dilution of [1-13C1]acetate) were measured. Results: The fractional contribution from DNL to VLDL-triacylglycerol palmitate rose after alcohol consumption from 2 ± 1% to 30 ± 8 %; nevertheless, the absolute rate of DNL (0.8 g/6 h) represented Conclusions: We conclude that the consumption of 24 g alcohol activates the hepatic DNL pathway modestly, but acetate produced in the liver and released into plasma inhibits lipolysis, alters tissue fuel selection, and represents the major quantitative fate of ingested ethanol.