Hysteretic properties of permalloy I-bars

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Abstract
Bitter solution observations and small‐spot Kerr effect measurements have been used to study the response of 100×12×0.3 μm permalloy bars to applied fields that exceed the range of linear response. Bitter patterns showed that a uniform applied field of sufficient strength saturates the center part of the bar by displacing a domain wall to the side of the bar. After reducing the field below its saturation value, remanent magnetization is maintained by a ’’zig‐zag’’ domain structure. The original domain pattern returns only at a certain lower value of applied field. An interpretation of the zig‐zag pattern is given. The polar effect was used to detect the annihilation and reappearance of Bloch walls in two sets of specimens, in response to similar sequences of applied fields. Differences in the measured renucleation field are attributed to edge effects. As a matter of further interest, the positive or negative polarity of a Bloch wall was found to be correlated with the CW or CCW orientation of the domain structure of the I‐bar.

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