Third-generation model for corticosteroid pharmacodynamics: Roles of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA in rat liver

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Abstract
A third-generation pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was proposed for receptor/genemediated corticosteroid effects. The roles of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in hepatic GR down-regulation and the mRNA for hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction by methylprednisolone (MPL) were examined. Male adrenalectomized Wistar rats received 50 mg/kg MPL iv. Blood and liver samples were collected at various time points for a period of 18 hr. Plasma concentrations of MPL, free hepatic cytosolic GR densities, GR mRNA, TAT mRNA, and TAT activities in liver were determined. Plasma MPL profile was biexponential with a terminal t1/2 of 0.57 hr. Free hepatic GR density rapidly disappeared from cytoplasm after the MPL dose and then slowly returned to about 60% of starting level after 16 hr. Meanwhile, GR mRNA level fell to 45% of baseline within 2 hr postdosing, and remained at that level for at least 18 hr. The GR down-regulation of GR mRNA and protein turnover rate were modeled. The TAT mRNA began to increase at about 2 hr, reached a maximum at about 5 hr, and declined to baseline by 14 hr. TAT induction followed a similar pattern, except the induction was delayed about 0.5 hr. Pharmacodynamic parameters were obtained by fitting seven differential equations in a piecewise fashion. The cascade of corticosteroid steps were modeled by a series of inductions for steroid-receptor-DNA complex, two intermediate transit compartments, TAT mRNA, and TAT activity. Results indicate that GR mRNA and TAT mRNA are major controlling factors for the receptor/gene-mediated effects of corticosteroids.