Cognitive Effects With and Of Computer Technology

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Abstract
A distinction is offered between cognitive effects with computers, whereby one's performance is redefined and upgraded during intellectual partnership with the computer, and effects of computers, whereby such partnership leaves durable and generalizable cognitive residues later on. Concerning effects with computers, it is argued that the quality of effects with computer programs greatly depends on the setting in which the computer-related activity takes place, on the user's goals, and on his or her mindful engagement in the activity. Concerning effects for the computer, two mechanisms for affecting cognition are discussed: skill stretching by means of novel cognitive requirements and skill internalization à la Vygotsky.