Urban weather

Abstract
Dramatic and rapid urbanization in both developed and developing countries on all continents has brought about significant weather changes in the urbanized areas. Urban weather anomalies are directly attributable to anthropic activities. Urban weather is discussed in terms of the micro‐ and mesoclimate anomalies from the “natural climate” of regions produced by the presence of and activities within urban areas. Heat islands, air chemistry and air pollution, urban wind and turbulence, urban precipitation, radiation and energy budgets and miscellaneous urban weather effects are reviewed, with a sampling of literature references.