Polyacrylamide-based phantoms as tissue substitute in experimental radiation physics

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Abstract
Polyacrylamide-based tissue-equivalent phantoms simulating cortical bone and muscle are described. The equivalency is based upon similar elemental composition and density, and partial similarity in the morphology of bone. Satisfactory results were obtained when the phantoms were tested at low (20 keV) and high (15 MeV) gamma radiation. Applicability of this phantom material to neutron transport is discussed. The material can be molded and shaped and its composition is easily modified by altering the proportions of the constituents. Trace elements or radionuclides are easily added. Details of the physical and radiation characteristics of the formulated systems are given together with the manufacturing procedures.

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