Wheat Callus Culture: the Initiation, Growth and Organogenesis of Callus Derived from Various Explant Sources

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Abstract
Callus was obtained from mature excised embryos of wheat, from nodal and internodal stem segments and from rachis segments using the medium of Murashige and Skoog(1962)(M medium), containing 1-0mg l −1 2,4-D, and from immature embryos using the medium of Green and Phillips (1975) containing 2 mg l −1 2,4-D. Callus yield from mature embryos depended upon the cultivar used. No callus could be obtained from leaf segments. Callus derived from mature embryos and nodal stem segments was successfully maintained by serial sub-culture on the M medium containing 2,4-D for up to 3 years although its growth rate declined to a lower level as culture proceeded. Such cultures consistently produced roots when transferred to a medium containing a low level of 2,4-D or no 2,4-D. The presence of the auxin was essential for continued proliferation of the callus tissue. Shoot initiation was infrequent, did not occur after the first few sub-cultures and could not be enhanced by various auxin and cytokinin additions to the medium. Callus derived from immature embryos did not have an enhanced potential for shoot initiation.

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