The entrainment of breathing frequency by exercise rhythm.

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Abstract
The incidence of entrainment of breathing frequency by the rhythm of exercise was detected by a cross-correlation of the 2 frequencies. During moderate, steady-state exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50 rev(revolutions)/min, 8 of 15 volunteers (53%) showed entrainment when pedalling speed was kept constant with a metronome, and 20% showed entrainment when pedalling speed was kept constant with a speedometer. At 70 rpm in a 2nd group of 15 volunteers, the results were 60% and 33%, respectively. During moderate, steady state exercise on a treadmill, in a 3rd group of 15 volunteers, 53% showed entrainment while walking, 80% showed entrainment while running. The rhythm of exercise is likely to affect the rhythm of breathing. This controlling factor must be considered during studies of breathing pattern in exercise.