Boring by Macro‐organisms in the Coral Montastrea annularis on Barbados Reefs

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Abstract
The fauna boring into Montastrea annularis includes sponges, bivalves, sipunculid and polychaete worms and barnacles. Sponges are most important in hard tissue destruction and account for more than 90% of the total boring in most heads. Bivalves and barnacles are locally important. Sipunculids and sabellids account for less than 4% of the total boring.The volume removed from coral samples by boring ranged from 3–60% and samples from a deeper bank reef were more highly bored than fringing reef samples. An average of 20% of the volume of bank reef corals, and 5% of the volume of fringing reef corals, was removed by boring.The distribution of individual borers is not a function of depth. The density and variety of borers and the extent of boring in coral heads is greater in older heads. The ratio of living coral surface to dead encrusted areas on colonies also influences borer density and the extent of boring.