Variance in flushing among and within stands of seedling white spruce

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Abstract
Early, rapid tests are required to ascertain the structure of white spruce Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss populations of southeastern Ontario, where valuable but limited seed sources have been located through field trials. As a significant phenological character associated with growth and hardiness, rate of flushing was monitored under controlled environments in six half-sib families from each of four stands of white spruce located in southeastern Ontario. Whereas no significant variation occurred among stands, highly significant differences occurred among families within stands throughout the flushing period. Results are interpreted as a reflection of coadaption of populations to the timing of environmental hazards. A comparison is made with the minor geographic and pronounced annual variations in occurrence of last spring frost.

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