Large Angle Scattering of Low Velocity Electrons from Copper, Iron, Nickel and Silver

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Abstract
The apparatus permitted a measure of the relative number of electrons leaving the target at angles between 163° and 179° with the primary beam. Measurements were taken at low primary voltages for which the number of emitted electrons is negligible, so that the electrons measured are primary electrons which have been scattered through large angles. For normal incidence the large angle scattering is greater than that necessary to satisfy the cosine law for the metals Cu, Fe, Ni, Ag after they have been heated at red heat in a vacuum, and is different for each metal. Subsequent to baking the tube at 350°C, but previous to heating the target at red heat, the large angle scattering is nearly the same for the four metals and approximately in accordance with the cosine law. The change in large angle scattering appears to be due to a change in the structure of the surface rather than to elimination of gas. For 45° incidence on a copper target, the scattering back in the direction opposite to that of the primary beam is less than for 90° incidence, but the direction of the surface normal is not the only determining factor in the scattering.

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