Solvent Selection for Extraction from Dilute Solution

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Abstract
An improved strategy for the selection of solvents for recovery of chemicals from dilute solution is presented. Low solvent losses and a high solute distribution coefficient are primary goals for solvent selection. High relative volatility of the solvent also is an important property if the solute is to be recovered from the extract by distillation. Low solvent losses will ensure adequate selectivity and the formation of two phases. High solute-solvent boiling point difference will increase the relative volatility and reduce the chance of azeotrope formation. The dependence of these properties on solvent structure is examined in some detail, and this indicates guidelines for the selection of solvents with the desired properties. The strategy is illustrated with the example of 1-butanol recovery.

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