Plasma Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 but Not Those of Macrophage Inhibitory Protein‐1a and RANTES Correlate with Virus Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

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Abstract
Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, and the β chemokines RANTES, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were studied in relationship with virus load in 40 patients exhibiting plasma levels of HIV RNA ranging between undetectable and levels >106 copies/mL. Mean plasma levels of MCP-1 were increased in patients with high virus load compared with HIV-seropositive subjects with undetectable plasma viral RNA and healthy controls. MCP-1 levels were directly correlated with plasma levels of HIV RNA. No correlation was observed between virus load and plasma concentrations of MIP-1α and RANTES. The results suggest that low rates of viral replication in vivo are not dependent on increased production of the suppressive chemokines RANTES and MIP-1a. Since MCP-1 upregulates viral replication in vitro, the results may suggest a role for MCP-1 in triggering viral replication in HIV disease.

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